515 research outputs found
Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ n-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘/ΠΠ‘ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°
Aim. To assess bioequivalence of sildenafil citrate tablet formulation produced by pharmaceutical company βMicrokhimβ (Rubezhnoe, Ukraine) it was developed and validated a prompt, specific and quite simple method for quantitative determination of sildenafil and its active metabolite - N-desmethyl sildenafil concentrations in the human blood using deuterium labeled internal standards. Direct liquid-liquid extraction procedure was utilized to extract the analytes from the blood plasma.Methods. Contents of sildenafil and its metabolite in supernatant were determined by means of the high performance liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometric detection technique. Ionization of sildenafil, N-desmethyl sildenafil, sildenafil-d8 and N-desmethyl sildenafil-d8 was performed in the positive electrospray mode (ESI, Positive). Detection of the analytes was carried out in the multi reactions monitoring (MRM) regimen with the following m/z values for selected parent ions: 475,30; 483,20; 461,20 and 469,20, respectively. The daughter ion m/z value was selected to be 283,10 for all analytes.Results. Analytical method proposed proved to demonstrate reliable accuracy and reproducibility for both analytes and has been validated within linear range 5,05-1009,92 ng/ml for sildenafil and 2,24-400,84 ng/mL for N-desmethyl sildenafil with correlation coefficient (r2) equaled to 0.9975 and 0.9973, respectively.Conclusions. It was developed and validated a simple, specific and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of sildenafil and its active metabolite N-desmethyl sildenafil concentrations in human blood plasma utilizing stable isotope labeled internal standards β deuterated sildenafil-d8 and N-desmethyl sildenafil- d8. Important feature of the method was a modified preanalytical procedures of biological samples preparation β direct liquid-liquid extraction that allowed to avoid laborious and time-consuming procedures such as evaporation to concentrate the samples with consequent recovery of dry residue, as well as to refuse from expensive solid-phase extraction. Application of the deuterium labeled internal standards allowed to suppress a biological matrix effect drastically, as well as to reach target LLOQ level. Experimental data obtained in the course of full validation of the method proposed that was performed in accordance with approved national and international technical and regulatory requirements, allowed to affirm high specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility and efficiency of the method.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° (ΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Β«Π’Π΅Π³ΡΡΠΌΒ» 100 ΠΌΠ³), ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠΠ€ Β«ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΒ» (Π³. Π ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π°) Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° - N-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ-ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ cΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π°, N-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π°, cΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π°-d8 ΠΈ N-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π°-d8 ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ (ESI, Positive). ΠΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ (MRM) Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ m/z 475,30; 483,20; 461,20; 469,20. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ Π±ΡΠ» Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ Ρ m/z 283,10 Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 5,05-1009,92 Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ» Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ 2,24-400,84 Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ» Π΄Π»Ρ N-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ (r2) ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 0,9975 ΠΈ 0,9973 ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ².ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘/ΠΠ‘ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° N-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² - ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»-d8 ΠΈ N-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»- d8. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ, Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°
Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ n-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘/ΠΠ‘ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°
Aim. To assess bioequivalence of sildenafil citrate tablet formulation produced by pharmaceutical company βMicrokhimβ (Rubezhnoe, Ukraine) it was developed and validated a prompt, specific and quite simple method for quantitative determination of sildenafil and its active metabolite - N-desmethyl sildenafil concentrations in the human blood using deuterium labeled internal standards. Direct liquid-liquid extraction procedure was utilized to extract the analytes from the blood plasma.Methods. Contents of sildenafil and its metabolite in supernatant were determined by means of the high performance liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometric detection technique. Ionization of sildenafil, N-desmethyl sildenafil, sildenafil-d8 and N-desmethyl sildenafil-d8 was performed in the positive electrospray mode (ESI, Positive). Detection of the analytes was carried out in the multi reactions monitoring (MRM) regimen with the following m/z values for selected parent ions: 475,30; 483,20; 461,20 and 469,20, respectively. The daughter ion m/z value was selected to be 283,10 for all analytes.Results. Analytical method proposed proved to demonstrate reliable accuracy and reproducibility for both analytes and has been validated within linear range 5,05-1009,92 ng/ml for sildenafil and 2,24-400,84 ng/mL for N-desmethyl sildenafil with correlation coefficient (r2) equaled to 0.9975 and 0.9973, respectively.Conclusions. It was developed and validated a simple, specific and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of sildenafil and its active metabolite N-desmethyl sildenafil concentrations in human blood plasma utilizing stable isotope labeled internal standards β deuterated sildenafil-d8 and N-desmethyl sildenafil- d8. Important feature of the method was a modified preanalytical procedures of biological samples preparation β direct liquid-liquid extraction that allowed to avoid laborious and time-consuming procedures such as evaporation to concentrate the samples with consequent recovery of dry residue, as well as to refuse from expensive solid-phase extraction. Application of the deuterium labeled internal standards allowed to suppress a biological matrix effect drastically, as well as to reach target LLOQ level. Experimental data obtained in the course of full validation of the method proposed that was performed in accordance with approved national and international technical and regulatory requirements, allowed to affirm high specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility and efficiency of the method.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° (ΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Β«Π’Π΅Π³ΡΡΠΌΒ» 100 ΠΌΠ³), ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠΠ€ Β«ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΒ» (Π³. Π ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π°) Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° - N-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ-ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ cΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π°, N-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π°, cΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π°-d8 ΠΈ N-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π°-d8 ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ (ESI, Positive). ΠΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ (MRM) Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ m/z 475,30; 483,20; 461,20; 469,20. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ Π±ΡΠ» Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ Ρ m/z 283,10 Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 5,05-1009,92 Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ» Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ 2,24-400,84 Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ» Π΄Π»Ρ N-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ (r2) ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 0,9975 ΠΈ 0,9973 ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ².ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠΠΠ₯-ΠΠ‘/ΠΠ‘ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° N-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² - ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»-d8 ΠΈ N-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»- d8. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ, Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°
Characteristics of mucous-forming polysaccharides extracted from flax seeds
The research used the seeds of long flax of the "Vruchy" variety and oil-curly flax of the "Original" variety. To extract mucus, whole flax seeds were hydrated for 3 hours. in tap water, at a ratio of 1:20 and a temperature of 18 β 20 Β°C with constant stirring with a magnetic stirrer. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature and duration of extraction on the yield of mucilaginous polysaccharides in aqueous solution from flaxseed. Change range: the temperature is selected in the range from 0 Β°Π‘ to 100 Β°Π‘ with a step of 20 Β°Π‘; with a duration, ranging from 10 min to 140 min in 10 min increments. The yield of polysaccharides from flax seeds was determined for each combination of controlled factors. It was established that in the first 10 β 20 min. there is an increase in the yield of polysaccharides and the rate slows over time. For 90 min. equilibrium occurs at a temperature of 80 Β°C. This period of the process is optimal for the extraction of mucilage-forming polysaccharides from flaxseed. The mass of the extracted polysaccharides, from the mass of the seeds after a time of 95 min was 5.74%, and 6.00% at a temperature of 80 Β°Π‘. A package of applied statistical programs was employed during the research to process the experimental data. A mathematical model of the process of extracting mucus-forming polysaccharides in an aqueous solution of flax seeds was built using regression analysis methods. The obtained regression equations determined the optimal regimes of the sought values in terms of temperature (80 β 85 Β°C), time (85 β 90 min) and conducted in compliance with the prescribed amount of water of 200 cm3. Within 10 β 20 min the formation of a transparent gel capsule around the flax with a phase separation boundary under seed contact with water, which does not change further. This indicates the completion of the hydration process
Report from the LHC Early Career Scientists Fora
Early Career Scientists (ECSs) are non-tenured researchers. ECSs constitute nearly half of every major collaboration at the LHC and contribute to all of scientific projects and activities. This report summarizes the programs of the ECSs committees of ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb. An overview of the joint activities of the four committees that make up the LHC Early Career Scientists Fora is given. The impact of Covid-19 on the researchers' wellbeing is discussed in conjunction with a recent survey from LHCb
ΠΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Β«ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠ° β ΡΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡ β Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Β» ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΡΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΡΡ IβIII ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π· Ρ Π±Π΅Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΡ Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈ
Objective: to study the changes of the biomechanical system Β«bone β fixator β endoprosthesisΒ» under the loading for internal hemipelvectomy IβIII type Enneking with reconstruction of the pelvic ring defect by a metalcement spacer with and without reinforcement with a metal bar.Methods: spatial geometry of the pelvis is reconstructed with the software package Β«MimicsΒ». Data are obtained by calculating Mises values.Results: the stresses on the screws in the model were not significantly (0.27Β %) larger (ΟmΠ°Ρ
132.6Β MPa vs. 132.3Β MPa in the model without reinforcement) and did not exceed the strength limit. The maximum value of stress on polymethylmethacrylate in both models is localized in the place of contact with the pubic symphysis and is not significantly (0.4Β %) higher in the model with the bar (ΟmΠ°Ρ
β 24.7 and 24.6Β MPa, respectively). The maximum values of stress on the sacral bone in both models are defined in the zone of proximal screw installation in the lateral mass of the sacral bone, but 5Β % larger in the construction without a bar β 10.6 and 10.1Β MPa. The maximum permissible loads were: on the sacral bone in a model with a bar of 1.06 body weight, without a bar β 1.01; for polymethylmethacrylate β 3.05 and 3.03 body weight respectively; for metal screws β 3.44 and 3.43 body weight, respectively.Conclusions: the usage of a metal bar in the system Β«bone β fixator β endoprosthesisΒ» for internal hemipellectomy type IβIII does not change the mechanical strength and stability of the model. The most susceptible to destruction was the lateral area of the sacrum in the place of the proximal screw, which should be strengthened by inserting an additional screw into the upper part of the sacroiliac joint. In the dynamics (walking, running, climbing stairs), the load of the surgery site can be 4 times higher the weight of the body, which due to the linear growth of stress values can lead to the destruction of the structure and requires the usage of additional means of support (crutches, a stick, etc.).Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Β«ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ β ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡ β ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Β» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΠ²ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ IβIII ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ½Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠΉ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° Β«MimicsΒ». ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠΈΠ·Π΅ΡΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°Ρ
Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ (0,27Β %) Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ (ΟmΠ°Ρ
132,6Β ΠΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 132,3Β ΠΠΠ° Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π» ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ (0,4Β %) Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠΉ (ΟmΠ°Ρ
β 24,7 ΠΈ 24,6Β ΠΠΠ° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ). ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ° Π² Π±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° 5Β % Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈ β 10,6 ΠΈ 10,1Β ΠΠΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ: Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠΉ 1,06 ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°, Π±Π΅Π· Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈ β 1,01; Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ° β 3,05 ΠΈ 3,03 ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ; Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ² β 3,44 ΠΈ 3,43.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Β«ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ β ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡ β ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Β» Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΠ²ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° IβIII Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ° Π² Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°. Π Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ (Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Π°, Π±Π΅Π³, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅) Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π² 4 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡ (ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Ρ.Β Π΄.).ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°: Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Β«ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠ° β ΡΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡ β Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Β» ΠΏΡΠ΄ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΡΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΡΡ IβIII ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π·Π° ΠΠ½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π³ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π· Ρ Π±Π΅Π· Π°ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΡ Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΡ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΉΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° Β«MimicsΒ». ΠΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π° ΠΡΠ·Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ: Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π³Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π±Π΅Π· Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ (0,27Β %) Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ (ΟmΠ°Ρ
132,6Β ΠΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈ 132,3Β ΠΠΠ° Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π±Π΅Π· Π°ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ) Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΌΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ Π· Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ (0,4Β %) Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π· Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΡ (ΟmΠ°Ρ
β 24,7 Ρ 24,6Β ΠΠΠ° Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ). ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π² Π΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ° Π² Π±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΆΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ, Π°Π»Π΅ Π½Π° 5Β % Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈ β 10,6 Ρ 10,1Β ΠΠΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ: Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΠΆΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π· Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΡ 1,06 ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»Π°, Π±Π΅Π· Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈ β 1,01; Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ β 3,05 Ρ 3,03 Π²Π°Π³ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ; Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ
Π³Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ² β 3,44 Ρ 3,43.ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ: Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΡ Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Β«ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠ° β ΡΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡ β Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Β» Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΡΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ IβIII Π½Π΅ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΠΆΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΌΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°, ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ Π·ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ° Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΆΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°. Π£ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΡ (Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Π°, Π±ΡΠ³, ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΉΠΎΠΌ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ) Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π² 4 ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π²Π°Π³Ρ ΡΡΠ»Π°, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½Π΅ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΉΠ½Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ² ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΈ (ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎ)
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